In practice, calibration curves are produced using fixed concentration ranges for a selection of related compounds and the midpoints ( IC50) of the calibration curves are calculated and compared. In this case it is normally quantified by comparing the assay's response to a range of similar analytes and expressed as a percentage. Cross-reactivity is also a commonly evaluated parameter for the validation of immune and protein binding based assays such as ELISA and RIA. An example of helpful cross-reactivity is in heterophile antibody tests, which detect Epstein-Barr virus using antibodies with specificity for other antigens. An example of confounding that yields a false positive error is in a latex fixation test when agglutination occurs with another antigen rather than the antigen of interest. In medical tests, including rapid diagnostic tests, cross-reactivity can be either confounding or helpful, depending on the instance. There can be cross-reactivity between the immune system and the antigens of two different pathogens, or between one pathogen and proteins on non-pathogens, which in some cases can be the cause of allergies. In immunology, the definition of cross-reactivity refers specifically to the reaction of the immune system to antigens. This has implications for any kind of test or assay, including diagnostic tests in medicine, and can be a cause of false positives. Not to be confused with Heterosubtypic Immunity.Ĭross-reactivity, in a general sense, is the reactivity of an observed agent which initiates reactions outside the main reaction expected.
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